What Argonian Factions exist?

I know about the An-Xileel and the Shadowscales, but are there any magic oriented Factions?

Okay, I'll do my best here. Be wary though; I'm not as knowledgeable (read - clueless) about Argonians in comparison to my knowledge about Khajiit. 

There's the Kota-Vimleel, or Black Tongues. They're alchemist extraordinaires and (I think) quite cruel, but that last part could be wrong. Naga and Paatru are essentially just different breeds, you've got the Acegaphs, with needle-like faces, the Miredancers or Gee Rusleel, who live in Murkmire - that's all I know about them, Sarpa are described as wings but this is unknown whether metaphorically or not, Waseek-Haleel, or Bright Throats, are apparently very merry people, and the Ghost-People, or the Veeshlek-Tzel, are stealthy and translucent. Archeins essentially sold their own race into slavery, so here's a fuck you from all the Khajiit and Argonians the Dunmer enslaved :) They're quite business-minded. They are bankrupt now, though. I think there's a group of people who have something to do with 'Roots' but I can't remember. Might pay to look that up.

Argonians are seen as being restoration-focused in the recent games, but I don't know any purely-magically focused factions or breeds, similar to the Khajiit save the Dagi.

That's what I've got :D

Alright, since I read the question yesterda I had some time to prepare my answer for this, mostly figuring out which way to go - because from what we have been given there is not really much on Argonians and factions. An-Xileel is more of a political movement than a faction really - think Argonian Thalmor of sorts.

Anyway, Wulf offered a bit of where I wanted to go, and those are the Argonian tribes, namely Tribes of Murkmire. Give that a read, might some inspiration lurking there. So yeah, tribes is something I would consider an Argonian faction of sorts, and the fact we know only few leaves quite a lot of room for filling the gaps - by that I mean that nothing is stopping you from coming up with your own tribe focused on magic maybe. :)

Anyway, magic faction. Something I wanted to mention about this is that ESO introduced us to Hist Speakers - or called Keepers - who basicaly tend to the Hist trees, serving as their guardians and caretakers, while also wielding a powerful magic. So it might be something in there for you :)

So first of all; Tribes of the Murkmire is a great read when you're looking into the Argonians. Lots of cool stuff. I've actually written an article about that text and some of my interpretations of it, don't hesitate to give that one a look as well: https://tamrielvault.com/groups/topic/view/group_id/1/topic_id/8433

I'm not quite sure what else I can add other than perhaps another source on the philosophy of the Argonian people. A good start there is the loremaster's archive on the Argonians: https://www.imperial-library.info/content/argonian-saxhleel-questions

I would also like to add a bit of clarification to what Karver said regarding the An-Xileel. Unlike what many people believe, I don't think they are the Argonian equivalent of the Thalmor. Both of these political factions are technically nationalists but I believe the similarities pretty much end there. The Thalmor's nationalistic identity includes the domination of all races and the eradication or complete and utter subjugation of man. The An-Xileel seem only interested in cutting all external influences from the Argonians and retrieving ancestral Saxhleel ground. If the Thalmor follow a theocratic version of Nazism, then the An-Xileel are an isolationist Second Reich. Yes, both of the groups I just compared them to are nationalistic germans but if you look at the roots of their ideology you'll find some clear differences, it is not my fault that the Germans gave us two borderline oxymoronic examples of nationalistic zeal in the past two centuries.

The An-Xileel invasion of Morrowind was instantaneous, brutal and if not for the Redoran would have destroyed Dunmer society. But, even without the Redoran interference, the Argonian forces weren't remotely interested in conquest and chose to conquer only the southern marshy lands. Chances are the brutality of the invasion may have been more of an application of Machiavellian philosophy to prevent further wars than an actual vengeance. The ultimate goal of the An-Xileel is for the other races to leave them the fuck alone; they made an example of the Dunmer to illustrate what happens to those that try and fuck with them. It was a declaration of isolation and a successful one at that.

Speaking of the An-Xileel, there's actually an argument to be made that they are very powerful mages. While it was supposedly only a rogue faction within their political organisation led by a rogue hist, they were directly responsible for the Umbriel crisis. They conjured a city of dooooom (look into it, you'll get why I made sure to accentuate the doom it brings) from Oblivion to come and remove any Imperial influence from the marshes.

[blockquote][b][url=/profile/KarverTheLorc]Karver the Lorc[/url] said:[/b] Ah, well, guess I used a bad comparison there. Wasn't exactly trying to draw a parallel between An-Xileel and Thalmor, but more like point out that both are a certain's race political movement that became very prominent in respective provinces. But yeah, Umbriel doesn't cast a good light them. :D[/blockquote]

Well, technically the Umbriel events are believed to have been organised by an extremist rogue faction within the extremist isolationist faction that is the An-Xileel (who I believe may once have been a single tribe as the people of An-Xi). Imagine what kind of wackos you have to be to be a rogue faction of an already extremist group.

And it wasn't a bad comparison, I just thought it could use a bit of clarification because of what the Thalmor are often, justifiably, compared to. The An-Xileel is indeed mostly a political faction at this point in the TES timeline, just like the Thalmor. I just wanted to ensure people understand they do not share an ideology.

Thanks Teineeva i'll look through those links when i find the time 

I read the book about the clans that was really interesting mostly the Ghost people with the Necromancy rumors ^^